Jacob Wise   Introduction   English Learners (ELs) face unique challenges in the classroom. In order for them to access grade-level curricula in their second language (L2), educators—both English Language Development (ELD) teachers and classroom teachers—provide many types of scaffolds to support students' understanding. Some of these include peer discussions, materials in students' home languages (L1), and machine translation.   In the secondary English language arts (ELA) c